Parallax Mapping, Dithering, MipMapping, CLOD… these are all algorithms, techniques, concepts unique for game development. I feel, as a newcomer to game dev, that there is just this massive universe of these that you won’t find in a standard programming book. I’m looking for books, articles, wikis, PDFs, anything that might aggregate most of these game techniques/methods into somewhat of a centralized location, and explain what they all are.
Thanks for any references!
Wikipedia is usually quite good for that, no kidding 
good references for 3D techniques are GPU gems books (that are available online for free)
gpu gem
gpu gem 2
gpu gem 3
Also Gamedev.net is an incredible resource and knowledge base on game development.