How to change the opacity of an image in jme3?

You don’t need to create a new material each time. Just change the alpha in the ‘color’ variable - it will change all the other stuff when rendering the next frame.

Like @pspeed said, you need to put that into the transparent (or translucent) bucket. Otherwise it will lead to visual errors in almost all scenes.

Maybe there is another stupid error in the Unshaded material (some shader error or something like that). There have been several stupid and simple bugs been detected in jME 3 lately: